Recognizing psychological distress

The teenage brain explained

Recognizing psychological distress

The teenage brain explained

AUTHOR: DR. FRÉDÉRIC BENOIT, PSYCHIATRIST

Did you know that adolescence is a particularly active period for the human brain? Studies on brain growth in children now show that the teenage brain is able to assimilate new information almost effortlessly. And up until the age of 25, the brain undergoes an intense period of development, constantly creating new neurological connections. 

Teen brain development: Taking the good with the bad

Whether it’s learning a new language, instrument, or sport with relative ease, the teenage brain is able to absorb anything that it finds interesting. But that also means that the teen years can be a vulnerable time: Teens are highly susceptible to anxiety and depression and especially vulnerable to drug use and addiction, which may well follow them into adulthood. Drugs in particular have a remarkably powerful impact on the teenage brain, causing delays or complications in its development. 

Why do teens start acting differently? 

We now know that during adolescence, the distinct development of the brain and, on a smaller scale, hormone fluctuations, can explain certain behavioural changes in teens, such as acting impulsively or having trouble controlling their emotions. But over time, young people mature and learn to make more informed decisions, weigh the pros and cons before acting, and avoid unnecessary risks. As they age, they will continue to improve these skills and ultimately gain control over their emotions and behaviours once they’re adults 👨‍💼👩‍💼. 

 

Is there a plus side to all these changes?

While the significant changes the brain undergoes in adolescence can affect teens’ behaviour for better or for worse, they also give teens the ability to stretch themselves and learn new things. Thanks to their curiosity and desire for novelty, teens are wired to explore new lifestyles, test their limits, and seek increased independence. It’s a time in life when some will make new, stimulating friendships while others will defend causes to advance society or, quite simply, change the world. 

A few tips to guide your teen through this transformative time

• Respect their natural circadian rhythm as much as possible. Scientists recommend, for example, to let teens sleep in whenever they can.

• Keep an open mind and allow them to express themselves freely, particularly when it comes to more delicate matters such as sexuality, friendships and relationships, bullying, alcohol, and drugs. Even though it may be tempting to do so, try to refrain from giving excessive advice, scolding, or being quick to punish: The higher and stricter the expectations and rules, the more your teen may tend to withdraw or challenge your authority.

• Create more structure in your teen’s day (when it comes to homework, meals, video games and sports) while allowing for some flexibility. This provides reassurance to your teen and helps them feel in control.

• Suggest they take up sports or meditation.This will help them better manage their emotions, relationships, and stress on a daily basis.  Not sure where to begin with meditation? These exercises are a great place to start.

• Keep an eye out for any unusual behaviour , which may be a sign of psychological distress or a mental health disorder. Learn more →

• Don’t be afraid to ask for help in a crisis. If you feel overwhelmed by what’s happening, don’t hesitate to reach out; teljeunes.com and relief.ca, for example, are excellent resources where you can find solutions to help you and your teen avoid further distress.

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References

BEDWANI, Nagy Charles. L’adolescent suicidaire : Le reconnaître, le comprendre et l’aider, Éditions du CHU Sainte-Justine. Montreal, 2015.


BEN AMOR, Leila, et al. Troubles mentaux chez les enfants et les adolescents : Prévenir, repérer tôt, intervenir, Éditions du CHU Sainte-Justine. Montreal, 2017.


BOISVERT, Céline. Que savoir sur mon ado?, Éditions du CHU Sainte-Justine. Montreal, 2008.


WAYLEN, A., and D. WOLKE. “Sex ‘n’ drugs ‘n’ rock ‘n’ roll: the meaning and social consequences of pubertal timing,” European Journal of Endocrinology, 151, 3 (November 2004): U151-U159. Also available online: https://eje.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eje/151/Suppl_3/U151.xml